2000年英语一真题及答案 幼师证的考题及答案大全图片高清

2000年英语一真题及答案

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglish

（完形）Directions：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.［139words］1.［A］otherthan［B］aswellas［C］insteadof［D］morethan2.［A］onlyif［B］muchas［C］longbefore［D］eversince3.［A］for［B］against［C］of［D］towards4.［A］replace［B］purchase［C］supplement［D］dispose5.［A］enhance［B］mix［C］feed［D］raise6.［A］vessels［B］routes［C］paths［D］channels7.［A］self-confident［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied［D］self-restrained8.［A］search［B］save［C］offer［D］seek9.［A］proportion［B］percentage［C］rate［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely［B］obviously［C］presumably［D］frequently

SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

（阅读）Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Test1

①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbestitsworkersthemostskilled.④AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429words］11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.［D］Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.［A］turningofthebusinesscycle［B］restructuringofindustry［C］improvedbusinessmanagement［D］successineducation

Test2

①Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisoverthebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406words］15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?［A］Alackofmates.［B］Afiercecompetition.［C］Alowersurvivalrate.［D］Adefectivegene.16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.［D］Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?［A］SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.［B］WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.［D］HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

Test3

①Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethemwemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］19.Thispassageismainly.［A］asurveyofnewapproachestoart［B］areviewofFuturistpoetry［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.［A］determineitspurposes［B］ignoreitsflaws［C］followthenewfashions［D］accepttheprinciples21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.［A］increasetheproductionofliterature［B］usepoetrytorelievemodernstress［C］developnewmodesofexpression［D］avoidusingadjectivesandverbs22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.［A］basedonreasonableprinciples［B］newandacceptabletoordinarypeople［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Test4

①AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompletelyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralizationfully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］23.IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.［A］underaimlessdevelopment［B］apositiveexample［C］arivaltotheWest［D］onthedecline24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.［D］Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.［A］theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.［C］theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Test5

①Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelysharedanditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhomethepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurantsthejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousanglesitspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial［D］itissharedbytherichandthefamous28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.［A］theythinkofitasimmoral［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible30.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.［A］secretlyandvigorously［B］openlyandenthusiastically［C］easilyandmomentarily［D］verballyandspiritually

PartBEnglish-ChineseTranslation

（翻译）Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenterstheymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploitedortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390words］

SectionIIIWriting(15points)

36.（作文）Directions:A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.2）Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.3）Suggestcounter-measures.答案

[C]42.[A]43.[B]44.[A]45.[C][D]47.[B]48.[D]49.[C]50.[D]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)[C]52.[D]53.[B]54.[A]55.[C][B]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[A][C]62.[D]63.[B]64.[D]65.[C][A]67.[A]68.[C]69.[D]70.[B]SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。SectionV:Writing(15points)参考范文Thesetwopicturesdisplayasharpcontrast:therewerealotoffishwithonefishingboatintheseain1900whilethesituationwasjusttheoppositein1995.Obviously,thefishingindustrywasfacingamajorproblem,withalltheoceanresourcesbeingexhaustedsoquickly.Thedrawerisnotexaggeratingorjokingaboutcommercialfishing.Onthecontrary,heisseriouslywarningusthatourwayofthinkingandwaysofdoingthingsareunreasonableanddangerous.Ourresourcesarelimitedandourecosystemneedscarefulconsiderationandprotection.Ifweonlycareaboutthepresent,wewillsufferinthefuture.It’sjustlikebuildingfriendshipandsavingmoney:themoreyouputintoit,themoreyoucangetthemoreyoutakeout,thelessitisleft.Measuresshouldbetakenifsuchdisappointingsituationistobeavoided.Isuggestthatgovernmentmakelawsandregulationstoguideandsupervisepeople’sfishingactivity,punishingthosewhoonlycareabouttheirowninterestandbringharmtoothersandtheenvironment.Ialsoappealtothepublicthatmoneyisnottheonlythingwecanpursueandfishisnottheonlyfoodwecaneat.Whetherforthebenefitofthehumanraceorfortheinterestofourown,weshouldshowconcernforothersandmakeplansforthefuture.Onlyinthiswaycanwelivehappilyandfluently.有用点个赞

2023年护士资格证考试试题及答案（一）

考试试题及答案整理如下，仅供参考：

1.“三凹征”是指()

A.胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋间隙在吸气时明显下陷

B.胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋间隙在呼气时明显下陷

C.胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、纵隔在吸气时明显下陷

D.胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、纵隔在呼气时明显下陷

E.胸骨上窝、锁骨下窝、纵隔在吸气时明显下陷

【答案】A

2.夏柯(Charcot)三联征是指()

A.腹痛、恶心、高热

B.恶心、腹胀、寒战

C.腹痛、腹胀、寒战高热

D.腹痛、黄疸、恶心

E.腹痛、寒战高热、黄疸

【答案】E

3.风湿性心瓣膜病最常受累的瓣膜为()

A.主动脉瓣

B.肺动脉瓣

C.二尖瓣

D.主动脉瓣及肺动脉瓣

E.三尖瓣

【答案】C

4.阿尔茨海默病患者的核心症状是()

A.智力障碍

B.记忆障碍

C.定向力障碍

D.人格改变

E.言语障碍

【答案】B

5.患者，男，35岁。突发胸痛，服用硝酸甘油无效，急诊就诊，心电图示急性广泛前壁心肌梗死，突发室颤宜先采取下面哪个措施()

A.利多卡因

B.同步电流除颤

C.非同步电流除颤

D.硝酸甘油

E.气管切开

【答案】C

6.患者，男性，25岁，因受凉后突然畏寒、高热伴右侧胸痛入院。胸部透视见右中肺有大片浅淡的阴影。入院后诊断为肺炎球菌性肺炎,给予抗生素治疗，疗程一般为()

A.1~3天

B.体温降至正常后3天

C.体温降至正常后7天

D.体温降至正常后2周

E.症状、体征完全消失

【答案】B

7.患儿，男，10岁,为预防流行性感冒，自愿接种流感疫苗。接种过程中，小儿出现头晕、心悸、面色苍白，出冷汗。查体:体温.36.8℃，脉搏130次/分，呼吸25次/分，诊断为晕针。此时，护士为患者采取正确的卧位是()

A.头低脚高位

B.头高脚低位

C.侧卧位

D.俯卧位

E.平卧位，头稍低

【答案】E

8.产后血性恶露持续的时间一般是()

A.1~2天

B.3~4天

C.8~10天

D.10~15天

E.15~20天

【答案】B

9.初产妇，32岁。行会阴侧切术，产后第4天,会阴伤口水肿，无分泌物和压痛。护士为其制订的护理措施中，错误的是()

A.用1:5000高锰酸钾坐浴

B.会阴擦洗2次/d

C.用95%酒精湿敷

D.局部红外线照射

E.保持外阴清洁、干燥

【答案】A

10.患者，男性,67岁，大学教授。因高血压住院治疗。适用于该患者的最佳护患关系模式为()

A.指导型

B.被动型

C.共同参与型

D.指导合作型

E.主动-被动型

【答案】C

11.某孕妇，30岁，停经28*5周，G2P0行产前检查时，B超:羊水最大暗区垂直深度8.5cm，被诊断为“羊水过多”,给予该孕妇的护理中，错误的是()

A.减少增加腹压的活动

B.一次放羊水量不超过1500ml

C.密切观察胎心及胎动

D.休息时取平卧位

E.定期测量宫高及腹围

【答案】D

12.患者，男，54岁，诊断为急性心包炎，出现心包积液时最突出的症状是()

A.呼吸困难

B.心前区疼痛

C.心悸

D.声音嘶哑

E.吞咽困难

【答案】A

13.甲状腺癌患者应于术前进行哪种体位练习()

A.头高、颈过伸位

B.头高、颈前倾位

C.头低、颈过伸位

D.头低、颈前倾位

E.头低足高位

【答案】C

14.扩张型心肌病，心影明显增大，心胸比例为()

A.＞0.2

B.＞0.3

C.＞0.4

D.＞0.5

E.＞0.6

【答案】D

15.产后会阴伤口水肿严重的产妇可使用()

A.热水袋热敷

B.50%硫酸镁湿热敷

C.75%乙醇湿敷

D.95%乙醇湿敷

E.冰袋冷敷

【答案】B

16.下列哪一种骨折致颅脑损伤后出现“熊猫眼征”()

A.颅前窝骨折

B.颅后窝骨折

C.硬膜下血肿

D.颅盖骨折

E.颅中窝骨折

【答案】A

17.属于生物性损伤的是()

A.消毒剂

B.细菌

C.针刺伤

D.化学辐射

E.紫外线照射

【答案】B

18.孕妇，30周，臀先露,为矫正胎位,可采取的体位是()

A.膝胸卧位

B.半卧位

C.左侧卧位

D.膀胱截石位

E.俯卧位

【答案】A

19.某产妇，26岁，宫口开全胎膜破裂后突然出现呛咳、烦躁、呼吸困难，随即昏迷，血压50/30mmHg。应考虑为()

A.胎盘早剥

B.胎儿窘迫

C.产时子痫

D.子宫破裂

E.羊水栓塞

【答案】E

20.羊水过多的孕妇需要放羊水时，一次放羊水量不要超过()

A.2000ml

B.＞2000ml

C.≤1500ml

D.500ml

E.小于300ml

【答案】C

21.患者，女,38岁。咳嗽、咳痰5年余。近1个月来咳嗽、咳痰加重，伴有多次咯血，咳嗽在晨起或夜间卧床时加重，痰量多时可达400ml,静置后可分为三层。该患者典型的X线表现为()

A.两肺透亮度增加

B.肺纹理增多乱

C.边界毛糙的结节状阴影

D.肺段或肺叶淡薄、均匀阴影

E.不规则蜂窝状透亮阴影

【答案】E

22.如患者死亡，为患者进行尸体护理时，头下垫枕头的目的是()

A.使尸体包裹后外观良好

B.便于尸体护理

C.防止面部淤血发紫

D.防止下颌下垂

E.便于家属辨认

【答案】C

23.应用β2受体激动剂控制哮喘发作时，首选的给药方法是()

A.口服法

B.静脉滴注法

C.吸入法

D.肌内注射法

E.舌下含化法

【答案】C

24.患者,女性，48岁。踝部轻度肿胀，色素沉着,久站后出现酸胀，小腿有迂回的静脉团,诊断为原发性大隐静脉曲张。Perthes试验阳性提示()

A.大隐静脉瓣膜功能异常

B.交通静脉瓣膜功能异常

C.深静脉通畅

D.小隐静脉瓣膜功能异常

E.深静脉回流障碍

【答案】E

25.肛管周围脓肿是指()

A.内痔合并感染所形成的脓肿

B外痔合并感染所形成的脓肿

C.直肠膀胱陷窝内的脓肿

D.肛门旁粉瘤感染所形成的脓肿

【答案】E

26.护士为滴虫性阴道炎患者做阴道灌洗，应选择哪-种灌洗液()

A.0.5%醋酸

B.0.02%碘伏

C.生理盐水

D.1:5000高锰酸钾

E.2%~4%碳酸氢钠

【答案】A

27.原发性肾病综合征的病理生理变化不包括()

A.水肿

B.大量糖尿

C.高脂血症

D.大量蛋白尿

E.低蛋白血症

【答案】B